1. Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. These are some of the most commonly used operators in Python.
Types of Arithmetic Operators in Python:
- Addition (+): Adds two values.
Example: 5 + 3 → 8 - Subtraction (−): Subtracts right operand
from left.
Example: 5 - 2 → 3 - Multiplication (*): Multiplies two
values.
Example: 4 * 3 → 12 - Division (/): Divides left operand by
right and returns a float.
Example: 10 / 2 → 5.0 - Floor Division (//): Returns only the
integer part of the division.
Example: 10 // 3 → 3 - Modulus (%): Returns the remainder of
division.
Example: 10 % 3 → 1 - Exponentiation (**): Raises first value
to the power of second.
Example: 2 ** 3 → 8
Examples of Arithmetic Operators in Python
1. Addition (+)
a = 5
b = 3
print("Addition:", a + b)
Output:
Addition: 8
Explanation:
5 + 3 equals
8
. The
+
operator adds the two values.
2. Subtraction (-)
a = 5
b = 2
print("Subtraction:", a - b)
Output:
Subtraction: 3
Explanation:
5 - 2 equals
3
. The
-
operator subtracts the second number from the first.
3. Multiplication (*)
a = 4
b = 3
print("Multiplication:", a * b)
Output:
Multiplication: 12
Explanation:
4 × 3 equals
12
. The
*
operator multiplies both values.
4. Division (/)
a = 10
b = 2
print("Division:", a / b)
Output:
Division: 5.0
Explanation:
10 ÷ 2 equals
5.0
. The
/
operator returns the result as a float.
5. Floor Division (//)
a = 10
b = 3
print("Floor Division:", a // b)
Output:
Floor Division: 3
Explanation:
10 ÷ 3 gives 3.33, but
//
returns only the integer part →
3
.
6. Modulus (%)
a = 10
b = 3
print("Modulus:", a % b)
Output:
Modulus: 1
Explanation:
10 divided by 3 leaves a remainder of
1
. The
%
operator gives the remainder.
7. Exponentiation (**)
a = 2
b = 3
print("Exponentiation:", a ** b)
Output:
Exponentiation: 8
Explanation:
2 raised to the power 3 → 2 × 2 × 2 =
8
. The
**
operator is used for powers.
Important Points to Remember:
- Arithmetic operations follow operator precedence rules. For example, multiplication is done before addition.
- Using
/always gives a float result, even if both numbers are integers. - These operators can be used with numbers, variables, and even expressions.
- Parentheses
()have the highest precedence. Operations inside them are always evaluated first.
Example: (2 + 3) * 4 → 20 - Python follows the **PEMDAS** rule for operator
precedence:
- P: Parentheses
- E: Exponentiation
(**) - MD: Multiplication
(*)and Division(/ // %)(left to right) - AS: Addition
(+)and Subtraction(-)(left to right)